Low Consumption Of Vegetables Research Articles

ОЦЕНКА РАЦИОНОВ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ПРЕДУНИВЕРСАРИЯ НА ПРЕДМЕТ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ИНДОЛОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРОДУКТОВ

Annotation. A sociological study conducted by the authors showed that the nutritional intake of indoles through the use of vegetable products of the cabbage family Brassicaceae among respondents - medical students - is at a low level. Analysis of the questionnaires showed that only 35% of respondents use cabbage family vegetables in their diet, providing the daily intake. At the same time, 10% of students do not use this group of products in food at all, which proves the absence of indoles in the body. According to the survey, white cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower are most often used in the diet. Brussels sprouts have the highest level of glucosolate content, but unfortunately this vegetable was not noticed in the diet of students, perhaps this is due to the fact that the vegetable is not popular enough in the Moscow region. For proper nutritional intake of the recommended amount of indolic substances, it is necessary to regularly use cabbage family vegetables in the diet, preferably raw or with minimal heat cooking in portions of 50-100 grams at a time. Of particular concern is the fact that all respondents are medical students and, as expected, should be more attentive to their health. There is an obvious urgent need to introduce additional elective hours into training programs, during which students need to be introduced to the principles of forming a food set that provides not only the supply of nutrients, but also has a functional property due to the content of biologically active compounds. Due to the importance of indole consumption and the survey results - about low consumption of vegetables, the next stage of work we plan to develop a diet for students taking into account the norms of indole consumption.

The link between dietary nutrients intake and cardiovascular diseases in cold regions

Abstract Background The cold winter weather in northern China influences the dietary habits of its residents, contributing to a heightened risk of cardiovascular disorders, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. Key factors include low vegetable consumption and high salt and fat intakes. This study aims to investigate the relationships between northern dietary nutrient intake in northern China and cardiovascular disorders during the winter season. Methods A food frequency questionnaire tailored to the actual eating habits in northern China was designed. Retrospective data from 955 Chinese adults were collected from November to March between 2014 to 2023. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between dietary nutrients and cardiovascular diseases, with model performance assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Adjusted for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), an inverse association was observed between vitamin A (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.550, 0.907), nicotinic acid (OR = 0.584, 95% CI: 0.447, 0.762), phosphorus (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.608, 0.994), selenium (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.560, 0.923), zinc (OR = 0.683, 95% CI: 0.531, 0.880), methionine (OR = 0.730, 95% CI: 0.569, 0.936), arginine (OR = 0.753, 95% CI: 0.588, 0.964), lysine (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.550, 0.907), aspartic acid (OR = 0.730, 95% CI: 0.569, 0.936) and hypertension. Additionally, a negative association was found between niacin (OR = 0.752, 95% CI: 0.597, 0.946) and coronary heart disease. Conversely, a positive association was identified between iodine and hypertension (OR = 1.305, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.669) and coronary heart disease (OR = 1.301, 95% CI: 1.037, 1.634). Conclusion Our study suggests that maintaining a balanced dietary intake of vitamin A, niacin, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, methionine, arginine, lysine, and aspartic acid can be beneficial in preventing hypertension. Adequate niacin intake is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease. However, excessive iodine intake may contribute to hypertension and coronary heart disease.

Challenges and opportunities when moving food production and consumption toward sustainable diets in the Nordics: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.

The terms 'Nordic countries' or 'The Nordics' include the five countries Denmark, Finland, Island, Norway, and Sweden. This review includes evaluation of the Nordic countries against Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)/World Health Organizations' (WHO) guiding principles for healthy, sustainable diets with respect to environmental impact (principles #9 - #13) and sociocultural aspects (principles #14 - #16). A food systems perspective is taken to summarize and discuss the most important challenges and opportunities for achieving sustainable diets. Food system, food security, self-sufficiency, and resilience perspectives are applied. The information can underpin decisions when developing and implementing Food Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) in the Nordics. None of the Nordic countries are on track to reach the 2030 UN climate and biodiversity goals. We describe how food production, processing, and consumption contribute to these and other environmental challenges, and what kinds of dietary changes/transitions consistent with these goals are required. A major challenge is the high production and consumption of meat and too low consumption of fish, vegetables, and fruits. Meat production is a major source of emissions and, together with farmed fish, heavily dependent on imported feed ingredients, leaving a large land-use and water footprint in exporting countries while domestic land resources are not used optimally. Dietary patterns have changed drastically over the past 50 years, and in large parts of the population, meat consumption has doubled since the 1970s, rendering historic food culture less useful as a basis for present-day recommendations. The Nordics have Europe's lowest use of antibiotics in animal and fish production and have made some progress in reducing food waste along the food chain. A major opportunity is better alignment of food production and consumption based on local or regional production potentials, in conjunction with better and more constructive integration with the global food system while integrating novel technologies to reduce emissions and resource use.

Demographic, clinical, and sociocognitive determinants related to physical activity and dietary intake in patients with ovarian cancer: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo study physical activity and dietary intake among patients with ovarian cancer and to examine which demographic, clinical, and sociocognitive determinants are associated with these behaviours. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 139 patients with ovarian cancer scheduled for (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Physical activity was measured with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly questionnaire (PASE). Dietary intake was measured with a questionnaire assessing energy and protein intake and a questionnaire assessing adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) lifestyle recommendations. Demographic, clinical, and sociocognitive (e.g., self-efficacy) determinants of physical activity and dietary intake were examined using backward linear regression analyses. ResultsPatients reported a median PASE score of 50 (IQR 24–94), a mean ± SD dietary intake of 1831 ± 604 kcal/day and 76 ± 27 g protein/day. Patients adhered to 3 out of 5 WCRF lifestyle recommendations. The absence of comorbidities, lower physical outcome expectations, and higher cancer specific outcome expectations were independently associated with higher physical activity levels. Higher age, lower cancer specific outcome expectations, and higher diet-related self-efficacy were significantly associated with adhering to more WCRF lifestyle recommendations, whilst no variables associated with total caloric or protein intake were identified. ConclusionsPatients with ovarian cancer have low physical activity levels and a suboptimal diet, particularly low fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary fibre intake. Interventions aiming to improve physical activity and dietary intake could focus on increasing self-efficacy and outcome expectations, and should consider age and comorbidity as factors that may impact behaviour.Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Registry NTR6300.

Nutritional Contribution of Fruit and Vegetable for Human Health: A Review

The health benefits of fruits and vegetables are widely marketed. Fruit and vegetable-rich diets are highly recommended for their ability to promote health. They have historically held a place in phytochemicals, especially antioxidants. Fruits and vegetables are essential sources of dietary fiber and micronutrients and are a part of a balanced diet that aids in illness prevention. Fruits and vegetables contribute to dietary advice since they have health-promoting qualities. Low fruit and vegetable consumption, which is below the recommended amount, contributes to the rise in non-communicable or chronic diseases, which are major causes of death. Fruits and vegetables are the best sources of bioactive substances like phenolics, antioxidants, carotenoids, and micronutrients like vitamins, particularly as sources of (vitamin C, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid), which play a crucial role in human nutrition and health, as well as minerals and dietary fibers, which are required to prevent kidney stones and bone loss. Since they contain micronutrients including vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and fiber that are crucial for maintaining human beings' maximum health, fruits and vegetables are typically an essential component of healthy diets.

Personality Traits and Healthy Eating Habits and Behaviors: A Narrative Review

‘Findings from many interdisciplinary studies have revealed the important roles of nutrition in improving people’s physical mental and social health. Among other factors, personality influences the type of food consumed and consequently is predictive of health-related state. The aim of this review is to appraise the available scientific evidence regarding the effect of personality on eating habits, and whether personality traits are associated with behaviors that are conductive to a healthy lifestyle in general. A total of 2237 relevant articles were identified through a literature search, 21 of which were included in this review. Articles involving studies in only children, animal studies, studies on eating disorders, studies with specific types of diets that were clearly unrelated to health issues and studies conducted for marketing purposes were excluded. A variety studies have indicated that personality traits affect both the eating habits and types of diets chosen by individuals, including the preference for healthy or unhealthy foods. The analysis of personality traits indicated that conscientiousness is associated with healthy eating and maintaining health-promoting habits in general. Openness is positively associated with variety in food consumption and negatively associated with "food neophobia". Agreeableness is associated with low meat consumption. Extraversion is associated primarily with the consumption of sweet and salty foods, meat and soft drinks. Finally, neurotic and emotionally unstable people appear to have emotional dietary patterns, which are associated with unhealthy eating habits, such as relatively low fruit and vegetable consumption, and high sugar and saturated fat consumption. However, contradictory results have been found among studies. Interpretation of these results should be weighed against the different cultural environments in which the studies were taken place, and the extremely high heterogeneity among the instruments used to measure personality and eating habits. Future research should clarify whether personality influences eating habits in specific populations, such as individuals with eating disorders.
  
 Received: 16 October 2023 / Accepted: 20 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

Effect of vegetable consumption on risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and multi-level meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Vegetables are known to be beneficial to human health, but the association between vegetable consumption and gastric cancer remains uncertain. To synthesise knowledge about the relationship between vegetable group consumption and gastric cancer risk, update present meta-analyses and estimate associations between vegetable consumption and gastric cancer risk based solely on prospective studies, we perform a PRISMA-compliant three-level meta-analysis. Systematic search identified thirteen prospective studies with fifty-two effect sizes that met all inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) showed a positive association between high vegetable consumption and low gastric cancer risk (pooled RR 0·93, 95% confidence interval 0·90-0·97, P = 0·06). In moderator analyses for indicators of gender, region and quantity of vegetable intake, there was no significant difference between subgroups. However, the effect became significant in populations with lower than the minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) of vegetable consumption (P < 0·05). Higher vegetable intake is associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer. This effect may be limited to specific populations, such as ones with lower vegetable consumption. Evidence from our study has important public health implications for dietary recommendations.

Risk factors for stroke in the African populace: need for action

The burden of stroke cannot be overemphasized especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). More than two-thirds of stroke  deaths arise from these countries as well as nearly 90% of stroke-related morbidities. Unfortunately, it has been suggested that there  might be up to a three-fold increase in stroke incidence and a higher prevalence in Africa in the year 2021. The known risk factors for  stroke are similar to those in developed countries: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, and central obesity.  These risk factors have often been overlooked in patients who present with stroke in Africa. Other important risk factors for stroke  include high salt intake and red meat consumption, low consumption of green leafy vegetables, air pollution, undernutrition in infancy  and genetic factors. Possibly the most efficient way of curbing the impact of stroke in Africa is to address the risk factors. The aim of this  article is to shine some light on these risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa and proffer some solutions to address the menace of stroke  

Diet quality and nutritional status in children with human immunodeficiency virus.

Background: Poor diet quality in children and adolescents may contribute to decreased immunity and lead to an increased risk of opportunistic diseases. Aim: To investigate diet quality and its relationship to nutritional status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pediatric patients (HIV-PIHIV). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 87 patients aged between 6 and 19 years carried out in two University Hospitals. Diet quality was analyzed by an adapted Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and nutritional status. The association between HEI with body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age) and height-for-age was performed using a linear regression model. Clinical, maternal, anthropometric, and dietary data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, based on nutrition service protocols. Results: Diet quality was intermediate (median IAS = 54.8 interquartile range: 47.5 to 65.9 points), due to low consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products and high empty calories and sodium by the PPIHIV. The multivariate regression model indicated that HEI was not significant for explaining BMI-for-age [β = -0.01; 95% CI = (-0.03; 0.01); p 0.40] nor height-for-age [β = 0.01; 95% CI = (-0.02; 0.03); p 0.51]. However, it was observed that adolescents showed 1 Z-score [95% CI = (-1.6; -0.44); p 0.001] a reduction in BMI-for-age compared with children, and those black patients showed an increase in BMI-for-age Z-score of 0.57 [95% CI = (0.7; 1.1); p 0.03] compared with non-blacks. Conclusion: The diet quality of the HIV-infected children and adolescents was below desired. No association was found between diet quality and inadequate nutritional status of HIV-PIHIV.

Assessment of Behavioral Risk Factors in Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases of the Lung Associated with Metabolic Syndrome.

Diet and lifestyle play important roles in preventing and improving chronic diseases, and evaluating behavioral risk factors in these pathologies allows for efficient management. A clinical study by screening biochemical parameters and pulmonary function was carried out to evaluate behavioral risk factors in obstructive pulmonary disease associated with metabolic syndrome. Of the total of 70 patients included in the clinical study, 46 were men and 24 were women (χ2 = 3.9, p = 0.168). Forty-eight patients presented at least three met risk criteria associated with the metabolic syndrome (19 women and 29 men). Regarding the assessment of lung function, only 7 of the patients presented normal spirometry values (χ2 = 75.28, p < 0.001), and the other 63 patients presented with ventilatory dysfunction; most (over 80%) declared that they were smokers or had smoked in the past (χ2 = 5.185, p = 0.075). In terms of body weight, 45 of the patients are overweight or obese, most of them declaring that they do not consume enough vegetable products, they consume large amounts of foods of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs) but also super processed foods (food products type of junk food), do not hydrate properly, and are predominantly sedentary people (54 of the patients do no physical activity at all; χ2 = 2.12, p = 0.713). From the statistical processing of the data, it is noted that insufficient hydration, low consumption of vegetables, increased consumption of hyper-caloric food products rich in additives, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking are the main disruptive behavioral factors that worsen the health status in lung disease associated with the metabolic syndrome. An important conclusion emerging from the study is that the imbalances that aggravate obstructive lung diseases are generated by unhealthy food and an unbalanced lifestyle.

Socioeconomic differences in dietary habits in Italy before and during COVID-19 pandemic: secondary analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional study

BackgroundSeveral socioeconomic conditions may influence subjects’ adherence to healthy eating habits. Food consumption may be influenced by external stress during crisis periods; however, the effects of these events on food habits are difficult to predict. Also, a pandemic crisis like the recent COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced dietary habits and food consumption. The objective of this study was to compare the dietary habits of Italian people before the COVID-19 pandemic with those belonging to the year 2020 in a nationwide population sample.Materials and methodsInformation on dietary habits has been obtained from the multi-purpose survey on families’ “Aspects of daily life”, carried out in Italy by the Italian National Statistics Institute (ISTAT). We analyzed data coming from 2016 and 2020 editions of the survey (43,000 subjects each year). We used population attributable fraction (PAF) adjusted for age, defined as the proportional reduction in unhealthy diet that would occur if all participants had had a higher education, assuming higher educated individuals as more socially advantaged. Prevalence association for each dietary exposition has been calculated through logistic regression.ResultsLooking at aggregated data from 2016 and 2020 both men and women showed a high prevalence of unhealthy dietary habits. Regarding men, excessive consumption of eggs, pork meat, and bovine meat was characterized by a PAF attributable to socioeconomic conditions to an extent greater than 30%. Women showed the same trend. Focusing on different years of investigation, in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, men and women increased their consumption of eggs, cooked fats, snacks, and sweets, and reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables. Additionally, women increased the assumption of dietary products and meat. Both sexes registered an increase in overweight and obese subjects in 2020.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study was the first in our country to use a yearly, nationwide sample to analyze dietary habits by examining specific types of various foods on a nationwide scale and establishing a correlation between these habits and the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results showed unbalanced dietary habits of the Italian population with an excess of consumption of several foods like eggs, cooked fats snacks, and sweets with low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Socioeconomic differences influence food choices but in a complex way since they seemed to affect some wrong dietary habits but not others, especially regarding fruits and vegetables assumption where differences were less evident among social classes. Outside stressors like a crisis period such as the COVID-19 pandemic seem to have an important role in both men and women regarding the assumption of so-called “junk food”.

Trends in Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among the Labor Force Population - China, 2010-2018.

This research investigates trends pertaining to the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption among the labor force population in China. The study considered data derived from four nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. The data under review for this study was derived from the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance (CCDRFS) carried out in 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018, correspondingly. We utilized a food frequency questionnaire to evaluate the quantity and frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption. The estimated prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption was calculated for each survey, while considering factors such as sex, age, location, and socioeconomic status (SES). Participants' SES was ascertained via latent class analysis, serving to identify distinct classes based on criteria such as education, occupation, and household income per capita. Logistic regression was deployed to determine the statistical significance of trends. From 2010 to 2018, there was a notable increase in the average daily consumption of vegetables and fruits among the working population, rising from 418.6 g/day to 491.8 g/day (P<0.01 for trend). During the same period, the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable intake declined from 51.1% to 43.5% [P<0.001 for trend; -1.6% average annual percent change (AAPC)]. This downward trend was prevalent across genders, however, certain subgroups of adults (e.g., those living in rural areas or those of low SES) saw stable consumption levels throughout this period (P>0.05 for trend). Over the past nine years, there has been a notable decline in the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption among the labor force population in China. Moreover, the comparatively deficient intake of fruits and vegetables evident among individuals of lower SES warrants further attention.

Clinical and neuroimaging factors associated with 30-day fatality among indigenous West Africans with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

BackgroundSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a high case fatality rate in resource-limited settings. The independent predictors of poor outcome after ICH in sub-Saharan Africa remains to be characterized in large epidemiological studies. We aimed to determine factors associated with 30-day fatality among West African patients with ICH. MethodsThe Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study is a multicentre, case-control study conducted at 15 sites in Nigeria and Ghana. Adults aged ≥18 years with spontaneous ICH confirmed with neuroimaging. Demographic, cardiovascular risk factors, clinical features and neuroimaging markers of severity were assessed. The independent risk factors for 30-day mortality were determined using a multivariate logistic regression analysis with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsAmong 964 patients with ICH, 590 (61.2%) were males with a mean age (SD) of 54.3(13.6) years and a case fatality of 34.3%. Factors associated with 30-day mortality among ICH patients include: Elevated mean National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(mNIHSS);(OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02–1.11), aspiration pneumonitis; (OR 7.17; 95% CI 2.82–18.24), ICH volume > 30mls; OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.02–7.00)) low consumption of leafy vegetables (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.15–0.85). ConclusionThis study identified risk and protective factors associated with 30-day mortality among West Africans with spontaneous ICH. These factors should be further investigated in other populations in Africa to enable the development of ICH mortality predictions models among indigenous Africans.

Rural‐urban disparities in the consumption of fruits and vegetables and cognitive performance in Brazil

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to a healthy diet has been associated with lower risk of dementia and cognitive decline. Furthermore, low consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with lower cognitive performance. Rural Brazilians have several factors related to poor diet quality, such as low education and income.Additionally, rural residents of Latin America face a higher burden of dementia compared to urban residents. However, differences in the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with cognitive performance in urban and rural areas have not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with cognitive performance in urban and rural areas in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian older adults.MethodThe sample included 9,412 adults 50 years or older from the 2015 wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the immediate recall, late recall, semantic verbal fluency, prospective memory, semantic memory, and temporal orientation. A global composite z‐score was derived from these tests. Association of consumption of fruits and vegetables with cognitive performance was evaluated using linear regression, adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables.ResultIn 6,743 participants (mean age 61.3±8.9 y, 53% women, 43% White, and 15% from rural areas), the mean intake of fruits and vegetables was 2.0±1.3 portions a day (Table 1). Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables was associated with better episodic (β = 0.021, 95% CI = 0.004;0.037, p = 0.013) and semantic memory (β = 0.037, 95% CI = 0.019;0.055, p&lt;0.001), verbal fluency (β = 0.035, 95% CI = 0.018;0.053, p&lt;0.001), and global cognition (β = 0.032, 95% CI = 0.016;0.048, p&lt;0.001) performances (Table 2). There was a modifying effect of urban/rural area of residency (p for interaction &lt;0.001). Stratified analysis showed that consumption of fruits and vegetables was associated with better episodic and semantic memory, verbal fluency, and global cognition performances in participants who resided in urban, but not rural areas (Table 3).ConclusionConsumption of fruits and vegetables was associated with cognitive performance in urban, but not in rural areas in Brazil, possibly due to socioeconomic disadvantages and lower access to healthcare.

Cross-Sectional Study on the Association between Dietary Patterns and Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Conservative Treatment

Sarcopenia is a poor prognostic factor in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adequate dietary patterns are important for preventing sarcopenia; however, evidence regarding the underlying association between sarcopenia and diet is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and dietary patterns in CKD patients receiving conservative treatment. In this cross-sectional study, 441 patients with conservative CKD were examined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia diagnostic criteria. CKD was defined as an eGFR of &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 present for &gt;3 months. The participants were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, and dietary patterns were compared between the two groups using the dietary variety score, a simple dietary survey method that investigates the weekly frequency of consumption of 10 food groups. Logistic regression analysis for CKD G3 showed that female sex (odds ratio (OR): 0.166, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.086–0.320), increased body mass index (OR: 0.663, 95% CI: 0.590–0.745), and almost daily consumption of green/yellow vegetables (OR: 0.350, 95% CI: 0.176–0.695) were positively associated with non-sarcopenia. Although further prospective studies are required, the results suggest that low frequent consumption of vegetables is associated with sarcopenia in patients with CKD.

Edukasi Mitos dan Fakta Sayur dan Buah Bagi Remaja di SMA N 9 Tanjung Jabung Timur

Myth is one of the causes of nutritional problems in adolescents. There is a lot of knowledge in the form of myths that have been passed down from generation to generation by teenagers with scientifically uncertain truths, including adolescense girls at SMA N 9 Tanjung Jabung Timur. This is one of the causes of the low consumption of vegetables and fruit on the grounds of not avoiding vegetables and fruit due to myths. This community service activity was carried out at SMA N 9, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. The implementation of this activity will be from February 2021 to July 2021. The target of this activity is SMA N 9 Tanjung Jabung Timur students. The method used in the implementation of this activity is the lecture and discussion method. The results obtained in this activity are the target of understanding the material about myths and facts about vegetables and fruits. It is suggested to the school to be able to work together with the puskesmas and the local Health Office to provide education regarding the benefits of vegetables and fruit.

Children's perspectives on vegetable consumption and gardening: Outcomes from a qualitative study in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

AbstractUrban poor children have low vegetable consumption due to food insecurities leading to limited access to vegetables. Children's involvement in gardening may improve their vegetable consumption and connection with nature. This qualitative study explored the potential facilitators and barriers related to vegetable consumption and gardening among urban poor children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Four focus group discussions were conducted among 20 randomly selected children aged 9–12 years, residing in selected low‐cost flats in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from November 2021 to January 2022. Thematic analysis via NVivo software was conducted to analyse the transcripts. Children reported several barriers to eating vegetables, such as disliking taste, sensory and appearance, limited accessibility and vegetable availability at home. Most children felt positive and interested to join gardening. The findings are useful in planning nutrition intervention programmes that incorporate gardening as one of the elements to improve vegetable consumption.

Suicidal ideation in coronary heart disease patients: the role of ethnicity and lifestyle factors

Abstract Background Suicidal ideation (SI) is more prevalent in people with coronary heart disease (CHD) when compared to the general population. However, studies on protective factors against SI in people with cardiovascular diseases are still lacking. Moreover, there is less known about risk factors, such as ethnicity or lifestyle factors in SI and suicidal behavior. Thus, we aimed to examine the associations between ethnicity, lifestyle factors and SI in people with CHD when controlled for sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods We included 878 patients (60.0% male; 86.0% non-Roma; mean age 57.81±7.59 years; BMI 29.78±10.39 kg/m2) with CHD. All participants completed the 36-Item Short Form Survey, Food Frequency Questionnaire, Physical Activity Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire-28. Correlation analyses and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data. Results The prevalence of SI was higher in Roma people with CHD (12%) when compared to non-Roma (2.9%). Bivariate analyses showed significant associations between lower age, Roma ethnicity, lower education, lower income, poor mental health, consumption of smoked food, low consumption of fruit and vegetables, smoking, physical inactivity and SI. No association between functional status, physical quality of life and SI was identified. Multivariate analyses showed that lower age (β=-.06; p&amp;lt;.05), poor mental health (β=-.39; p&amp;lt;.001), smoking (β=.09; p&amp;lt;.05), and physical inactivity (β=.10; p&amp;lt;.01) were associated with higher SI in CHD, with an explained variance of 21.0% in SI. Conclusions A better quality diet and physical activity may have a positive effect on diminishing SI in CHD. A thorough understanding of the protective lifestyle factors, including physical activity, dietary habits, and being a non-smoker could facilitate the development of tailored intervention programs to improve mental health in people with CHD (Grant support: VEGA: 1/0748/22) Key messages • Interventions aimed at a healthy lifestyle may diminish the psychological burden in CHD patients. • Ethnic disparities in mental health should be considered when designing public health interventions.

8.F. Workshop: SDG indicators: country scenarios and the way towards 2030

Abstract Background The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a global action plan aimed at achieving a better future for all. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are at the core of this Agenda, balancing the economic, social and ecological dimensions of sustainable development. The 17 SDGs were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a blueprint for reducing inequalities, eliminating extreme poverty, rehabilitating the natural environment, ensuring access to justice for all, improving health and well-being, and building global partnerships supporting sustainable development. From the beginning, data availability was widely discussed. Previous have covered the issue of SDG data gaps; we will concentrate on SDG 3, Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, though there are health-related indicators under other SDGs, e.g. 2.2.2 and 5.2.2. Developing SDG Indicators The UN General Assembly adopted the global indicator framework in 2017 with a set of 231 indicators, published in the UN SDG Reports, where countries are grouped according to geography. From the perspective of Europe, this makes sense, as i.e. neglected tropical diseases and births not attended by health personnel are uncommon. Indicators demonstrating social inequalities in health, or risk factors for non-communicable disease, such as insufficient physical activity and low fruit and vegetable consumption, are more relevant and demonstrate persistent threats to population health. In accordance with the UN's original mandate, some countries are therefore developing new local indicators. Addressing data gaps In the WHO European Region, the biggest challenge regarding SDG data is time lag. 6 of the 53 Member States (MS) in this region report mortality data from 2017 or earlier, and 39 MS have at least one year of missing mortality data, making it difficult to monitor demographic trends. Until MS are able to report timely and complete data, SDG reporting is unlikely to get better. Often flaws in the underlying health information systems (HISs) are the causes of the gaps. Major barriers to the optimal functioning of HISs are fragmentation of data sources, limited accessibility and unclear rules around use and reuse of data; barriers in the implementation of electronic health records; governance issues related to unclear responsibilities, including funding gaps and weak collaboration; legal gaps and misinterpretation of laws surrounding data protection, and limited number of skilled staff for implementation. These three abstracts show very different scenarios from three countries that illustrates how diverse the European Region is and how differently the countries work towards the SDGs, demonstrating what is currently happening in Europe regarding defining, collecting and reporting SDG indicators. Finally, WHO along with MS will offer some ideas for the best ways to optimize the years until the 2030 SDG achievement deadline. Key messages • Examples from three countries demonstrate challenges connected to SDG monitoring, including data gaps and reporting issues. • Flaws in HISs can lead to data gaps; WHO proposes some ways to alleviate this.

Contribution of dietary patterns and dietary diversity to the nutritional status of children under five years in Nelson Mandela Bay Metro, South Africa

Food insecurity and malnutrition is a major problem in the sub-Saharan African region. The study aimed to determine the contribution of dietary patterns and dietary diversity on child nutritional status of children aged 0 to 60 months. A cross-sectional design was applied using a quantitative approach. A convenience sample (n=184) of children aged 0 to 60 months were included from the Dora Nginza Hospital (situated in Port Elizabeth in South Africa) and data was collected between May and July 2018. Primary caregivers provided informed consent for themselves and their children for participation. The researcher and trained assistants collected data using structured questionnaires which aimed at gathering information on socio-economic factors, health status, dietary patterns, and diversity. Child anthropometric measurements were performed on children following the World Health Organisation (WHO) standardised methods. Slightly more males (52.7%, n = 97) than females were included. The mean age of the children included was 20.21 months (SD = 17.1). Most were of African ethnicity (58.7%, n = 108). A total of 25.6% (n = 47) of the children were stunted, 19.8% (n = 25) were underweight for their age, 6.7% (n = 7) were classified as either moderate acute malnourished (3.9%) or (n =7) or severely acute malnourished (2.8%, n = 5), and 7.2% (n = 13) were overweight or obese. There was low or inadequate consumption of meat, dairy products, fruit and vegetables and the most consumed foods were soft porridge, margarine, potatoes, white bread and chips. About 91% of the children met the minimum dietary diversity score (&gt;4 dietary diversity). The child’s dietary diversity score had a significantly positive relationship with weight for height, weight for age and mid-upper arm circumference, showing improved nutritional status when a more varied diet is eaten. Therefore, these findings confirm the importance of dietary diversity and dietary patterns to nutritional status of children under 60 months of age. Key words: anthropometry, underweight, overweight, malnutrition, caregivers, nutritional status, consumption, stunting, cross-sectional